Culture & History Digital Journal https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory <p><strong>Culture &amp; History Digital Journal</strong> is a scientific journal published by <a href="https://www.csic.es/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CSIC</a> and edited by the <a href="http://ih.csic.es/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Instituto de Historia</a> at <a href="http://cchs.csic.es/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CCHS</a>, aimed to contribute to the methodological debate among historians and other scholars specialized in the fields of Human and Social Sciences, at an international level.</p> <p>Using an interdisciplinary and transversal approach, this journal poses a renovation of the studies on the past, relating them and dialoguing with the present, breaking the traditional forms of thinking based on chronology, diachronic analysis, and the classical facts and forms of thinking based exclusively on textual and documental analysis. By doing so, this journal aims to promote not only new subjects of History, but also new forms of addressing its knowledge.</p> <p>Founded in 2012, it was born directly as an electronic journal publishing in PDF, HTML and XML-JATS. The final version of some selected articles may be published in advance, immediately upon acceptance and correction.</p> <p><strong>Culture &amp; History Digital Journal</strong> is indexed in <a title="WOS" href="https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/web-of-science/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Web of Science</a>: <a title="JCR" href="https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/journal-citation-reports/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal Citation Reports</a> / Social Sciences Edition (JCR), <a href="https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/webofscience-ssci/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Social Sciences Citation Index</a> (SSCI) y <a title="A&amp;HCI" href="https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/webofscience-arts-and-humanities-citation-index/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Arts &amp; Humanities Citation Index</a> (A&amp;HCI); <a title="SCOPUS" href="https://www.elsevier.com/solutions/scopus" target="_blank" rel="noopener">SCOPUS</a>, <a title="CWTSji" href="http://www.journalindicators.com/indicators/journal/21100790708" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CWTS Leiden Ranking</a> (Journal indicators), <a href="https://dbh.nsd.uib.no/publiseringskanaler/erihplus/periodical/info.action?id=488530" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ERIH Plus</a>, <a href="https://www.redib.org/recursos/Serials/Record/oai_revista2024-culture--history" target="_blank" rel="noopener">REDIB</a>, <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2253-797X?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22filtered%22%3A%7B%22filter%22%3A%7B%22bool%22%3A%7B%22must%22%3A%5B%7B%22terms%22%3A%7B%22index.issn.exact%22%3A%5B%222253-797X%22%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22term%22%3A%7B%22_type%22%3A%22article%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%22query%22%3A%7B%22match_all%22%3A%7B%7D%7D%7D%7D%2C%22size%22%3A100%2C%22_source%22%3A%7B%7D%7D" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DOAJ</a> and other national and international databases. It is indexed in Latindex Catalogue 2.0 and has obtained the FECYT Seal of Quality.</p> <p><strong style="color: #800000;">Journal Impact Factor (JIF)</strong> 2021 (2 years): <strong>0.195</strong><br /><strong style="color: #800000;">Journal Impact Factor (JIF)</strong> 2021 (5 years): <strong>n/a</strong><br /><strong style="color: #800000;">Rank by JIF:</strong> <strong>94</strong>/102 (Q4, History)<br />Source: <a title="Clarivate Analytics" href="http://clarivate.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clarivate Analytics</a>©, <a title="JCR" href="https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/journal-citation-reports/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal Citation Reports</a>®</p> <p><strong style="color: #800000;">Journal Citation Indicator (JCI)</strong> 2021: <strong>0.79</strong><br /><strong style="color: #800000;">Rank by JCI: </strong><strong>177</strong>/491 (Q2, History)<br />Source: <a title="Clarivate Analytics" href="http://clarivate.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clarivate Analytics</a>©, <a title="JCR" href="http://clarivate.com/scientific-and-academic-research/research-evalution/journal-citation-reports/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Journal Citation Reports</a>®</p> <p><strong style="color: #800000;">Eigenfactor / Percentile</strong> 2021: <strong>0.00038</strong><br /><strong style="color: #800000;">Article influence/ Percentile</strong> 2021: <strong>0.422</strong><br /><strong style="color: #800000;">Eigenfactor Category:</strong> History<br />Source: © University of Washington©, <a title="EigenFACTOR" href="http://www.eigenfactor.org/index.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EigenFACTOR</a>®</p> <table style="width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; margin-top: 40px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p class="check">Open Access</p> <p class="check">No APC</p> <p class="check">Indexed</p> <p class="check">Original Content</p> </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p class="check">Peer Review</p> <p class="check">Ethical Code</p> <p class="check">Plagiarism Detection</p> <p class="check">Digital Identifiers</p> </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"> <p class="check">Interoperability</p> <p class="check">Digital Preservation</p> <p class="check">Research Data Policy</p> <p class="check">PDF, HTML, XML-JATS</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> en-US <strong>© CSIC.</strong> Manuscripts published in both the printed and online versions of this Journal are the property of <strong>Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas</strong>, and quoting this source is a requirement for any partial or full reproduction.<br /><br />All contents of this electronic edition, except where otherwise noted, are distributed under a “<strong>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</strong>” (CC BY 4.0) License. You may read here the <strong><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en" target="_blank">basic information</a></strong> and the <strong><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode" target="_blank">legal text</a></strong> of the license. The indication of the CC BY 4.0 License must be expressly stated in this way when necessary.<br /><br />Self-archiving in repositories, personal webpages or similar, of any version other than the published by the Editor, is not allowed. historia.digital@cchs.csic.es (Prof. Consuelo Naranjo Orovio (Ms.)) soporte.tecnico.revistas@csic.es (Soporte Técnico Revistas-CSIC) vie, 30 dic 2022 00:00:00 +0100 OJS 3.2.1.4 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Dancing in the Streets of Byzantine Constantinople https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/238 <p>This article evaluates the significance of processions in Byzantine Constantinople and the role of dancing within them. Evidence is drawn from literary sources concerning imperial, church-sponsored, guild, hippodrome and more spontaneous urban processions, as well as from material culture. Medieval Constantinople saw a large number of processions, perhaps two a week, and they traversed all areas of the city. They were noisy affairs, accompanied by chanting, acclamations and, often, musical noise, so that even when they were not directly visible, they were audible more or less everywhere in the city. Dancing was incorporated in all but liturgical processions (though it may also have been part of these, on occasion). Processions could create a sense of urban unity, or become expressions of conflict: audience participation was normal and sometimes violent. Hence one key-though unofficial-the role played by processions in the Byzantine capital was to give voice to the urban population.</p> Leslie Brubaker Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/238 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Processions in Byzantine Constantinople: the evidence from the Dresden A104 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/239 <p>This paper discusses supplicatory liturgical processions (<em>litae</em>) and their routes in eleventh-century Constantinople by examining a hitherto neglected source; the eleventh-century Praxapostolos Dresden A104. References to supplicatory processions found in this source are examined in comparison with one of the most important sources on Byzantine ceremonial: the tenth-century kanonarion-synaxarion known as the&nbsp;<em>Typikon</em>&nbsp;of the Great Church. By comparing the evidence relating to the use of sites within the city during commemorations that included a procession in these two sources it is possible to draw some conclusions in terms of the way the litanic landscape changed between the tenth and eleventh centuries. The paper aims to present new evidence relating to the way annually commemorative processions were performed in Byzantine Constantinople.</p> Vicky Manolopoulou Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/239 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Royal Entries in Conquered Towns. Mosques, Cathedrals and the Power of Buildings (Castile-Leon, 11th-13th Centuries) https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/240 <p>Written sources of the kingdoms of Castile-Leon describing processions and royal entries in the 11<sup>th</sup>-13<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;Centuries are not commonly found. The absence of such ceremonies makes it difficult to recognize the topography of power through remarkable buildings as well as the hierarchies among their ecclesiastical and secular participants. This absence prevented the kings of Castile and Leon from being seen publicly and visiting some iconic processional spots which provided the right atmosphere for the most solemn rituals in a medieval monarch’s life. King Alfonso VI’s entry into Toledo in 1085 set a new precedent put into practice by his successors during the Christian conquests of al-Andalus cities, which took place until the mid-13<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;Century. The transformation of the congregational mosques in the conquered cities provided a unique opportunity for victorious monarchs to display their power through the appropriation of urban spaces. The king’s central role in the ecclesiastical rituals of purification and the subsequent control over the fate of the most representative buildings allow these processions to be considered as spatial and ritual phenomena.</p> Ana Rodríguez Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/240 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 When the town becomes a stage: royal entries and municipal power in medieval Montpellier (14th-15th Centuries) https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/241 <p>The urban chronicle of Montpellier known under the nickname of the “Petit Thalamus” (1204-1423) is the oldest one written in a vernacular language all over Western Europe; it contains the narrations of many princely, royal and even pontifical and imperial entries in the town. It allows us to question the emergence and the evolution of a ritual, not so much from the point of view of the monarchy but of the urban authorities. More than the ritual itself, the study of these narrations, compared when possible to other urban sources, reveals the process of memory selection by the consulate of Montpellier, magnifying some of the entries-especially the pontifical one made by Urbain V in 1367-and leaving some others into oblivion. It also highlights the flexibility of a civic ceremony-which can, sometimes, be turned into a mere performance deprived of political meaning-used by the magistrates to reinforce their own power on urban spaces and to inscribe their domination into the streets, the minds of the inhabitants and the memory of the community.</p> Vincent Challet Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/241 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Public Celebrations, the Other, and Emotional Responses. New approaches to the Iberian Royal entries in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/242 <p>Traditionally, when dealing with the study of urban celebrations in the Middle and Early Modern periods, historiography has accepted the concept of&nbsp;<em>Gesamtkunstwerk</em>&nbsp;to point out the magnificence and diversity of artistic expressions that were part of these ephemeral events. Without totally opposing this idea, reinforced by methodological currents such as the history of emotions, this paper aims to reflect on the concept of urban celebrations. We will provide new perspectives in the study of these performances, especially their short-lived nature, which prevented the people from having access to all the acts and messages that involved these events. To this end, we propose a new approach to documentary and literary sources, from the point of view of the analysis of the Muslim other. We study its visual representation as well as its role as a spectator and active participant, especially as a dancer or musician. This allows us to present a new methodological framework using Valencia as a case study.</p> Borja Franco Llopis, Francesc Orts-Ruiz Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/242 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Staging Oriental Delegations at the Habsburg Imperial Court in Prague (1600-1610) https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/243 <p>Between 1600 and 1610-in the time when Prague was an imperial seat of Rudolph II of Habsburg -the city experienced an unusual viewing of several festive entries of foreigner legacies. In 1600, 1604 and 1609 three Persian delegations reached the Prague court in an attempt to coordinate military actions against the Ottomans. This gave an opportunity for a staged presentation of the court and city to the exotically-looking visitors. In return, Prague citizens, and particularly the nobles and the officials, had several opportunities to view, encounter and entertain the members of the legacies, who took an active part in Prague life. Their engagement sprung a number of textual and visual documents that testify to the interest of the European artists. The mixture of elements of the European festive culture merged with splendour, exotic garments and gifts of the oriental Islamic culture gave these meetings a particular character that reaffirmed the status of Prague as the imperial residence and capital city. The embassies’&nbsp;<em>adventi</em>&nbsp;and receptions were an opportunity for festive trains moving through the urban and court space of Prague, with the routes and design of stops, landmarks, and architecture used as their symbolical framing.</p> Kateřina Horníčková, Michal Šroněk Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/243 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Re-reading the acclamation of John IV of Portugal in Cochin 1641 as urban spectacle and literary text https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/244 <p>The primary focus of this study is Agostinho de Almeida Gato’s extensive account of the celebrations held for the acclamation of John IV of Portugal in 1641 in Cochin. Drawing on studies of the Iberian monarchies as polycentric spaces, intellectual culture in the&nbsp;<em>Estado da Índia</em>&nbsp;and the historiography of early modern Iberian festival culture Gato’s text is analysed as both a testimony to the spectacle that was staged in Cochin and a text addressed to John IV in Portugal. Concerning the history of Cochin, and Portuguese India more broadly, it is argued that the spectacle of kingship staged by the festivities sought to underscore the significance of the oath of loyalty sworn by the population of Portuguese Cochin and address the interweaving of the concerns of the imperial, colonial and indigenous elites. Furthermore, consideration is given to how Gato’s account served as a form of a petition to the king.</p> Jeremy M. N. Roe Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/244 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 One story for two places: a comparative study on the making of Christian landscapes https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/245 <p>Alise-St.-Reine (Burgundy, France) and Santa Mariña de Augas Santas (Galicia, Spain) share a unique history. In both places, the hagiography of Santa Marina of Antioch in Pisidia (Anatolia), usually known in Europe as Margaret, was adopted as the hagiographic account of two local martyrs, Sainte-Reine and Santa Mariña, who were extensively worshipped for centuries and still receive cult. Since the sixteenth century, literary scholars have stressed the falsity of the hagiographic attribution established in both places. However, the close relationship with the local topography of both traditions immunizes them against the effects of erudite criticism. The fact is that the fusion of the story with the place served to construct a much stronger reality that we refer to as “topological”. Some non-exclusive ideas can explain this situation: the need for Christian universalism to occupy previously polytheistic territories, the operation of places as&nbsp;<em>lieux de mémoire</em>&nbsp;that are well attested by anthropological studies, and how the psychology of memory works using places as memory devices.</p> Marco V. García Quintela Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/245 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Territorial Fantasies, Sexual Nuances, and Savage Energy: Orientalism and Tropicality in Eugène Delacroix and Johann Moritz Rugendas https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/246 <p>In 1822, the German Romantic painter Johann Moritz Rugendas undertook his famed three-year journey across Brazil. Later, between 1831 and 1846, encouraged by Alexander von Humboldt and other Romantic artists, he would make a second trip through Mexico and South America. In 1832, Eugène Delacroix started a six-month journey to Spain and North Africa as a part of a diplomatic mission. Both artists profusely translated their travels into words and rich images of tropical America and the Orient. Their paintings and illustrations of remote lands and people became milestones in their respective careers while being prime examples of how Europe viewed and perceived the rest of the world in the nineteenth century. In hindsight, they were not only mere agents and promoters of two crucial aesthetic trends of that time: Orientalism and Tropicality but the embodiment of two ways of seeing and imagining the&nbsp;<em>Others</em>. This article places these two artists against each other, contrasting the set of ideas and cultural preconceptions resting behind a sizeable number of paintings, drawings, and illustrations of their Eastern and South American experiences. The central argument is that Tropicality and Orientalism were comparable phenomena based on similar tropes and assumptions. It brings forward recurring themes of Rugendas and Delacroix’s works, such as the eroticisation of female bodies and the linkage between South America and the East with everlasting ideas of violence, adventures, and savageness to prove such an equivalence.</p> Miguel Ángel Gaete Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/246 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Slave and convict: José Rufino Parra’s double sentence in the Antilles and mainland Spain https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/247 <p>This paper addresses the adversities of a slave in 19<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;century Cuba who was considered dangerous because of his education; the suspicious claim of the owner; the slave’s arrest between Cuba, Spain, and Puerto Rico, and the defence of the rights to which he was entitled. The scant but interesting documentation on the misfortune of José Rufino Parra raises many issues regarding the daily relationships between masters and slaves; the unheard-of relationship between a black man and a white woman; the conservation of family honour, and the importance of education and family for slaves within an unjust colonial system, which, despite injustices, did offer opportunities to defend themselves.</p> Loles González-Ripoll Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/247 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Anticomunism, the Early American Conservative Movement and the Liberal Consensus (1955-1964) https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/248 <p>This article re-examines the role that anticommunism played during the emergence of the early American conservative movement. Through a detailed re-assessment of published and archival material it challenges the two main assumptions consistently reproduced by the literature, and according to which evangelical anticommunist played a doubly crucial role. According to the established view, anticommunism set apart conservative intellectuals and activists from their liberal counterparts and, secondly, acted as the element holding together different ideological strands within the conservative community. These pages demonstrate that anticommunism itself was, in fact, never as dividing an issue as both conservatives and liberal activists claimed. Instead, relatively marginal differences of opinion about the Cold War were blown out of all proportion and employed by both conservatives and progressives as a tool in the midst of intensely sectarian partisan struggles. Similarly, anticommunism was never an element of consensus within a wider conservative community that at this point included traditionalist intellectuals, libertarians and adherents to the populist radical right. In fact, anticommunism often acted as an element furthering already existing ideological tensions.</p> David Sarias Rodríguez Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/248 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Beyond the borders. Ahmed Hassan Mattar and his activism between Africa and South America https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/249 <p>The biography of Ahmed Hassan Mattar expressed the multiple identity lines assumed by those revolutionary cadres of the first decades of the 20<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;century, who emerged in a colonial and neocolonial world and developed their political activity in different settings and distant spheres of their own culture. The story of A. H. Mattar is, therefore, that of a militant and journalist of Sudanese origin who developed his political work in Africa, especially in Morocco, together with Abd el-Krim, the warlord of the Rif, as well as in European countries such as France and Germany, once incorporated into the Communist International. However, it would be in South America, in countries like Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, where he would stand out not only in anti-imperialist struggles but also as a chronicler and community leader of communities of Arab origin, even producing original empirical and statistical research. In sum, Mattar’s course can be seen as that of an activist who understood the social reality of a certain time and who assumed politics as a commitment to fight against colonialism and imperialism.</p> Daniel Kersffeld Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/249 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 The image of Spain as a tourist destination through audiovisual productions. The case of Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (Zoya Akthar, 2011) https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/250 <p>This article studies the tourist image of Spain projected by the Bollywood film&nbsp;<em>Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara</em>, directed by Zoya Akhtar. Released in 2011, the film is a paradigmatic example of tourism promotion of the Spanish territory by foreign audiovisual media, that identifies the country as a destination with a wide tourist offer characterized by important cultural, landscape, artistic, and gastronomic attractions. The text is divided into two sections. In the first, the tourist implications of audiovisual productions are analysed in general terms and, more specifically, the economic impact and marketing activities, as well as the shaping of geographical imaginaries, derived from film screenings. Later, this conceptual framework is applied to the specific case of&nbsp;<em>Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara</em>, explaining the possible correlation between its premiere and the increase in Indian visitors to Spain within the framework of the&nbsp;<em>I need Spain</em>&nbsp;campaign (2010-2016). Next, the film is studied as a road movie that promotes experiential tourism and generates specific geo-touristic imaginaries through landscape beauty, neo-romantic exoticism, and gender stereotypes.</p> María Ramón Gabriel Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/250 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100 Introduction. Processions and Royal Entries in the Petrification of Space during the Medieval and Early Modern Periods https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/237 Ana Rodríguez, Mercedes García-Arenal Copyright (c) 2022 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://cultureandhistory.revistas.csic.es/index.php/cultureandhistory/article/view/237 mié, 16 nov 2022 00:00:00 +0100